k h u s r o I I
Son of Khusro I. 1st reign 590/1 AD; 2nd 591 - 628 AD. Year 1 = 590/591 AD, year 11 = 600/601 AD, and year 38 = 627/628 AD.
Gobl II/2 issue: 2nd crown (winged type - w/ pellets), 'AFZUT' on left does not break the inner border; attendants on reverse have round headdress; years 2 and 3
These enigmatic year 2 and 3 issues, characterized by a long, thin bust, a lozenge containing pellets or lines in the base of each wing of the crown, and pointed wings, appear to be the work of a single engraver-group or workshop. Touraj Daryaee, in his ONS 150 (1996) article, 'The Effect of Civil War on Mint Production in the Sasanian Empire,' describes 9 identified mints for the pelleted issue: AY, AHM, BN, BYSh, NY, WH, WYH, LYW, GD (and LA; LA is most likely LYW). I have found 8 others, all year 2 (except where noted): NAL, YZ, ART and MY, all illustrated below, LAM, AW and GW, both years 2 and 3, and finally ST, year 2 and year 6! (Mochiri ENIS II 496; this may be a mule or blundered year 3). 'Normal' types are found from [_____], and, to make things even more confusing, transitional types with similar styles for years 2 and 3 ([_____], others). These have long, thin busts and pointed wings, but the 'lozenge' contains lines in place of the pellets.
[chart: 5/06 {31 screens}]
Gobl II/2 issue: 2nd crown (winged type - w/'lines'), 'AFZUT' on left does not break the inner border; attendants on reverse have round headdress; years 2 and 3
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: AHM
Regnal year: 3
30 x 32 mm.
4.09 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Lines.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: APL
Regnal year: 3
31 x 30 mm.
4.07 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Crown with lines.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: APL
Regnal year: 3
30 x 28 mm.
3.58 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Lines.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: APL
Regnal year: 3
30 x 29 mm.
4.08 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Lines.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: AW
Regnal year: 2
30 mm.
4.00 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=9h
Obverse: Lines (?).
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: AY
Regnal year: 2
26 x 27 mm.
3.78 gm. (clipped)
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=23 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Crown with lines.
Reverse:
Khusro II
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: DA
Regnal year: 2
31 x 28 mm.
4.11 gm.
Gobl SN II/2; Mochiri ENIS II -
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=4h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Note: 'Lines.'
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: GW
Regnal year: 3
30 x 28 mm.
4.12 gm.
Gobl SN II/2
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Note: Courtesy Robert W. Schaaf collection.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: LD
Regnal year: 3
32 x 31 mm.
4.07 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Crown with lines.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: ML
Regnal year: 3
27 x 29 mm.
4.13 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=21 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=9h
Obverse: Lines.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: NAL
Regnal year: 2
29 x 28 mm.
4.11 gm.
Gobl SN II/2 type
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: ML
Regnal year: 3
29 mm.
3.82 gm.
Gobl SN II/2 type
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=9h
Obverse: Blundered legends; die break.
Reverse:
Note: Odd style; possible imitation. Courtesy Robert W. Schaaf collection.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: WH
Regnal year: 2
28 x 29 mm.
3.54 gm. (clipped?)
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Crown with lines.
Reverse:
Gobl II/2 issue: 2nd crown (winged type - normal), 'AFZUT' on left does not break the inner border; attendants on reverse have round headdress; years 2 - 3
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: AHM
Regnal year: 3
30 mm.
4.08 gm.
Gobl SN II/2
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Note: Courtesy Robert W. Schaaf collection.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: AY
Regnal year: 3
Countermarks: Gobl 10
27 x 28 mm.
3.20 gm. (clipped)
Gobl SN II/2 type
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Senmurv (Gobl Hunnen Countermark 10 (position 2h)), right, in 1st quadrant.
Reverse: Countermark struck over test scrape in 3rd quadrant.
Note: Courtesy Alexander Akin collection.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: AYLAN
Regnal year: 2
30 mm.
2.88 gm. (clipped)
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=10h
Obverse: Crown unclear.
Reverse:
Khusro II
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: AYLAN
Regnal year: 3
30 x 31 mm.
3.94 gm.
Gobl SN II/2; Mochiri ENIS II 901
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Note: Normal wings.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: BN
Regnal year: 3
30 mm.
3.99 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Normal.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: DA
Regnal year: 3
30 x 31 mm.
4.12 gm.
Gobl SN II/2; Mochiri ENIS II -
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: GD
Regnal year: 2
31 x 28 mm.
4.09 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=18 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Normal (?); star (?).
Reverse:
AR Drachm (of Khusro II (590 - 628 AD))
592/93 AD
Mint: GD
Regnal year: 3
28 mm.
3.10 gm. (clipped)
Gobl SN II/2; Mochiri ENIS II -
Gobl Hunnen Countermark 11/K (Senmurv) in 1st quadrant.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=23 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Beardless (?), thin bust right; Senmurv (position 11h), left in 1st quadrant.
Reverse: Test scrape in 2nd quadrant.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: HL
Regnal year: 2
30 x 29 mm.
4.13 gm.
Gobl SN II/2 type
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=4h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: LAM
Regnal year: 2
31 mm.
4.08 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Crown unclear.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: LAM
Regnal year: 3
32 x 29 mm.
4.09 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=9h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: LAM
Regnal year: 3
30 x 31 mm.
4.05 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=23 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Normal.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: LD
Regnal year: 2
29 mm.
3.55 gm. (clipped)
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=10h
Obverse:
Reverse: Graffiti in 1st and 4th quadrants.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: LD
Regnal year: 2
30 x 29 mm.
4.03 gm.
Gobl SN II/2 type
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: LD
Regnal year: 2
30 x 29 mm.
4.12 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=4h
Obverse: Normal.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: LD
Regnal year: 2
31 x 29 mm.
4.05 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=19 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Normal.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: ML
Regnal year: 3
30 x 31 mm.
3.38 gm.
Gobl SN II/2 type
Diameter of obverse dotted border=21 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=9h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Note: Crude style. Courtesy Alexander Akin collection.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: MY
Regnal year: 2
31 x 28 mm.
4.04 gm.
Gobl SN II/2; Mochiri ENIS II -; Mitchiner ACW 1156, 1157 (same mint and date)
Diameter of obverse dotted border=18 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Note: Stylistically different than Mitchiner ACW 1156, MY, year 2.
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/92 AD
Mint: LD
Regnal year: 2
31 x 29 mm.
4.05 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=19 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Normal.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/3 AD
Mint: MY
Regnal year: 3
31 x 30 mm.
4.09 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: PL
Regnal year: 2
30 x 32 mm.
4.08 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: WH
Regnal year: 2
29 x 28 mm.
4.04 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Crown unclear.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: WH
Regnal year: 2
30 mm.
2.99 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Crown unclear.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: WH
Regnal year: 3
21 x 24 mm.
2.07 gm. (clipped)
Gobl SN II/2; Mochiri ENIS II 793
Diameter of obverse dotted border=21 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=2h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: WYHC
Regnal year: 2
30 x 29 mm.
4.16 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=20 mm.; diameter of reverse border=21 mm.
Die position=1h
Obverse: Normal.
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
591/2 AD
Mint: YZ
Regnal year: 2
30 x 29 mm.
3.98 gm.
Diameter of obverse dotted border=19 mm.; diameter of reverse border=22 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse:
Reverse:
Khusro II (590 - 628 AD)
AR Drachm
592/93 AD
Mint: none
Regnal year: 3
32 mm.
3.75 gm.
Gobl SN II/2; Mochiri ENIS II -
Diameter of obverse dotted border=21 mm.; diameter of reverse border=20 mm.
Die position=3h
Obverse: Bearded (?) bust right.
Reverse: No mint name to right; blundered year 3 to left.
Note: Imitation or very crude issue; broken and repaired at 4h.
g o t o k h u s r o I I, p a g e 4
b a c k t o s a s a n i a n i n d e x